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Core PHP - PHP History

Posted by: Asif D. Khalyani

Core PHP

PHP is a powerful server-side scripting language for creating dynamic and interactive websites.

PHP is the widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft\'s ASP. PHP is perfectly suited for Web development and can be embedded directly into the HTML code.

While PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995, the main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and serves as the de facto standard for PHP as there is no formal specification. Released under the PHP License, the Free Software Foundation considers it to be free software.

PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. It generally runs on a web server, taking PHP code as its input and creating web pages as output. It can be deployed on most web servers and on almost every operating system and platform free of charge. PHP is installed on more than 20 million websites and 1 million servers, although the number of websites with PHP installed has declined since August 2005. It is also the most popular Apache module among computers using Apache as a web server.

The PHP syntax is very similar to Perl and C. PHP is often used together with Apache (web server) on various operating systems. It also supports ISAPI and can be used with Microsoft\'s IIS on Windows.

Security

PHP is a popular target of hackers who exploit poorly built applications written in PHP. Software vulnerabilities related to PHP are identified among the CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) records, available from the National Vulnerability Database. The proportion of vulnerabilities related to PHP, out of the total of all common vulnerabilities, amounted to: 12% in 2003, 20% in 2004, 28% in 2005, 43% in 2006, 36% in 2007, and 33.8% for the first quarter of 2008. More than a quarter of all software vulnerabilities listed in this database are related to PHP, and more than a third of vulnerabilities listed recently. Most of these vulnerabilities can be exploited remotely, that is without being logged on the computer hosting the vulnerable application. Such exploitation is made possible due to poor programming habits, such as failing to check data before entering it into a database, and features of the language such as register_globals, which is now deprecated. These result in code injection, cross-site scripting and other application security issues. It\'s important to note that none of these attacks are exclusive to PHP and all are avoidable by following proper coding techniques and principles.

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